Share of research and development expenditure of gross domestic product 3.1 per cent in 2023

According to Statistics Finland, research and development expenditure amounted to EUR 8.4 billion in 2023. Expenditure increased by EUR 503 million from 2022, which represents a growth of 6.3 per cent. The real change in the volume of R&D expenditure was 2.3 per cent. Expenditure grew in real terms by 5.1 per cent in the government sector, by 3.2 per cent in the higher education sector and by 1.7 per cent in the enterprise sector.