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1. Persons employed in cultural occupations according to the Labour Force Survey

The definition of cultural industries and occupations is not drawn precisely and the EU is currently drafting a recommendation on how to define the field of culture. Therefore, there is no unambiguous solution as to how culture is calculated according to industry and occupation. The industries and occupations used here are listed in more detail in the Quality Description. The used industrial classification is the Standard Industrial Classification 2002 and the used classification of occupations is the Classification of Occupations 2001.

The Labour Force Survey (LFS) is a sample survey. As the group examined is relatively small, the size of the Labour Force Survey sample is not sufficient to describe its sub-groups reliably in all respects. However, the sample survey makes it possible for the interviewees to tell what their occupation is in their own opinion. It is assumed that the information obtained in this way describes better the actual total numbers of those employed in cultural occupations than the information based on registers. Culture consists of fairly small groups by their industries and occupational groups and therefore this review presents results separately only when the estimated size of the group is around 10,000. Then the standard error for the result is about four per cent.

In cultural industries employment has grown by close on eight per cent from 2004 to 2010 and the number of employed persons working in main jobs was around 108,656 in 2010.

Of industries, publishing (TOL221) has contracted by approximately 2.4 per cent from 2004 to 2010, from about 19,580 to around 19,100 employed persons.

Printing and related services also employ fewer people than in 2004, when they employed around 14,145 persons. In 2010, there remained around 12,140 employed persons, which was good 14 per cent fewer than in 2004.

By contrast, advertising (744) employed over 60 per cent more than in 2004. In 2010, around 12,312 people were employed by it, while in 2004 only about 7,478.

Artistic and literary creation and interpretation (9231) has also grown and nearly 13 per cent more are employed there than in 2004. In 2010, it employed close on 15,000 people against around 13,300 in 2004. (Table 1).

In 2011, around 81,724 were working in cultural occupations as their main job. From 2004, the growth amounted to around 23 per cent, while total employment went up by around 4.6 per cent over the same period.

Employment increased most among graphic, art and craft designers and related artists, by around 58 per cent, from about 7,800 in 20043 to approximately 12,446 in 2011. In other occupational groups employment has also developed more favourably than average. Employment in artistic occupations went up by around 14 per cent, by journalists by over five per cent and in other cultural occupations by around 23 per cent. (Table 2). The growing number of employed persons does not indicate a change in hours worked, or in the volume of work done.

Table 1. Those employed in cultural occupations as their main job in 2004 - 2011 according to the LFS

	Year
	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	Change 2004-2011 %
In artistic occupations 1)	10 467	10 865	11 296	11 427	12 238	12 499	12 392	11 974	14
Graphic, art and craft designers and related artists	7 794	8 015	9 110	10 532	11 968	12 214	12 446	12 446	60
Journalists 2)	13 255	14 396	13 972	12 798	13 931	13 853	13 926	14 001	6
Other cultural occupations	35 119	38 919	40 417	40 444	39 480	37 559	39 847	43 304	23
Total	66 636	72 195	74 795	75 201	77 616	76 125	78 611	81 725	23

1) Stage and film directors, actors, choreographers and dancers, composers, clowns, magicians, acrobats, night-club and related musicians, singers and dancers, sculptors
2) Managing editors, journalists, editors and critics, radio and television journalists, advertising copywriters

Table 2. Number of persons employed in cultural industries in 2004 - 2010

	Year
	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009
Publishing (221)	19 581	20 643	22 756	19 401	17 978	17 868	19 102
Printing and related services (222)	14 145	13 994	13 484	13 010	12 855	13 106	12 140
Advertising (744)	7 479	8 388	9 060	10 321	11 068	10 695	12 313
Artistic and literary creation and interpretation (9231)	13 300	15 707	14 835	13 668	15 752	14 594	14 997
Library and archives activities (9251) and Museums activities and preservation of historical sites and buildings (9252)	9 900	11 766	12 529	10 932	10 891	10 495	11 483
Other industries	38 832	38 521	39 736	39 150	42 728	43 700	43 407
Total	100 921	105 984	109 487	103 632	106 771	106 332	108 656

Source: Cultural statistics 2010, Statistics Finland

Inquiries: Kaisa Weckström 09 1734 2348, kulttuuri.tilastokeskus@stat.fi

Director in charge: Riitta Harala

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Updated 16.8.2012