Employment and unemployment in November 2001

- 11,000 more employed than a year ago
- Employment rate 67.0 per cent
- Rate of unemployment 8.8 per cent, 226,000 unemployed
- 18,000 new vacancies at labour exchange offices

According to the Labour Force Survey of Statistics Finland, there were 11,000 more employed in November than a year earlier. The number of wage-earners engaged in continuous full-time work went up by 40,000. The number of self-employed persons continued to fall. The number of part-time jobs was approximately the same as one year ago. During November, 18,000 new vacancies were reported to the labour exchange offices, which is 1,000 less than in November 2000.

In November, the employment rate, that is, the proportion of the employed among persons aged 15 to 64, stood at 67.0 per cent, which is 0.2 percentage points higher than one year ago. Adjusted for seasonal variation, the employment rate was 67.7 per cent in November. Compared to last year's November, employment grew in health and social services, and hotels and restaurants. Employment declined in agriculture and transport. Jobs increased in the Provinces of Southern and Western Finland and decreased in the Provinces of Eastern Finland and Lapland.

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Changes in the labour force 11/2000 - 11/2001, thousand
	November 2001	November 2000	CHANGE, % 11/00 - 11/01
Statistics Finland's Labour Force Survey:
Employed, total	2 347	2 336	0.5
- wage-earners	2 065	2 028	1.8
Employment rate, %	67.0	66.8	0.2 ²
Unemployed¹	226	224	0.9
Labour force, total	2 573	2 559	0.5
Unemployment rate, %	8.8	8.7	0.1 ²
Economically inactive, total	1 339	1 344	-0.4
- discouraged job seekers	30	35	-12.5
- other disguised unemployment	68	71	-4.7
Ministry of Labour's Labour Exchange Statistics:
Unemployed job seekers	294	297	-1.2
- unemployed over a year	79	86	-8.3
Employed with subsidised measures	37	43	-14.5
In labour market training	30	34	-11.1
In trainee and job alternation places	17	17	-1.6
New vacancies in labour exchange offices	18	19	-2.5
Unrounded figures are used in the CHANGE column ¹ Based on the recommendations of the International Labour Organisation (ILO)			² percentage points

According to the Labour Force Survey, there were 226,000 unemployed in November, i.e. 2,000 more than the year before. The change is within the margin of error (± 14 000). The rate of unemployment was 8.8 per cent, while it was 8.7 per cent one year previously. Adjusted for seasonal variation, the unemployment rate was 9.2 per cent, i.e. the same as in October. The unemployment rate for men was 8.2 per cent and for women 9.4 per cent. The unemployment rate for women fell by 0.3 percentage points and that for men rose by the same amount. The unemployment rate among young people aged 15 to 24 was 17.6 per cent, while it was 19.1 per cent in November 2000. Adjusted for seasonal variation, the unemployment rate for young people was 19.9 per cent. The rate of unemployment was lowest in the Province of Southern Finland, i.e. 6.6 per cent, and highest in the Province of Lapland, at 15.2 per cent. The rate of unemployment rose in trade and manufacturing.

According to the Labour Force Survey, the average number of employed persons in the January to November period of this year, 2,369,000, was 32,000 higher than in the corresponding period last year. The number of unemployed persons was 240,000, which is 17,000 lower than in the January to November period in 2000. The rate of unemployment in the January to November period was 9.2 per cent.

At the end of November 2001, there were 294,000 persons registered, in accordance with the Unemployment Security Act and the Labour Exchange Office Regulations, as job seekers at the labour exchange offices. This is about 3,000 fewer than in November 2000. Unemployment declined in the areas of ten but rose in the areas of five employment and economic development centres. The number of those covered by employment policy measures fell by 10,000 from the year before and was 3.3 per cent of the labour force. There were 33,000 unemployed job seekers aged under 25 registered at the labour exchange offices. Their number was 1,000 higher than in last year's November.

Differences between the Labour Force Survey and the Labour Exchange Statistics

The employment situation is monitored monthly both with the sample-based Labour Force Survey of Statistics Finland and with the register-based Labour Exchange Statistics of the Ministry of Labour. The Labour Exchange Statistics describe the situation on the last weekday of the month. The data for the Labour Force Survey are collected for every week of the month.

The Labour Force Survey follows the recommendations of the International Labour Organisation (ILO) and the practices required by Eurostat, the Statistical Office of the European Communities. According to them, a person is classified as unemployed if he or she is aged 15 or over, does not have a job, has actively sought employment in the past four weeks and would be available for work within two weeks. The Labour Exchange Statistics are based on legislation and administrative regulations.

The Labour Force Survey and the Labour Exchange Statistics apply two basically different statistical criteria to how actively a person seeks work and makes him/herself available on the labour market. Those unemployed persons who have neither contacted a labour exchange office for over four weeks, nor actively sought work in any other way either, are generally classified in the Labour Force Survey as belonging to disguised unemployment. Full-time students can be recorded as unemployed in the Labour Force Survey if they meet the ILO recommendations, whereas in the Labour Exchange Statistics they are not accepted as being unemployed during term time. Due to statistical differences, the number of unemployed job seekers does not agree with the number of unemployed calculated in accordance with the ILO recommendations. The difference between the November unemployment figures of Statistics Finland and the Ministry of Labour was approximately the same as a year earlier.

Since the Labour Force Survey is a sample survey, its data allow for random variation. In respect of the unemployment rate, for example, the 95 per cent confidence interval or the margin of error is about ± 0.5 percentage points. The confidence interval for the number of unemployed is approximately ± 14,000 persons.

Inquiries: Statistics Finland: Ms Salme Kiiski +358 91734 3230, Mr Hannu Siitonen +358 9 1734 3225, Mr Tapio Oksanen +358 9 1734 2921, Mr Veli Rajaniemi +358 9 1734 3434;
e-mail tyovoima.tilastokeskus@stat.fi, Internet http://www.stat.fi/tk/el/tyoll.html
Ministry of Labour: Mr Oiva Lönnberg +358 9 1856 8048, e-mail oiva.lonnberg@mol.fi; Internet http://www.mol.fi/katsaukset/
Latest seasonally adjusted unemployment figures published by the EU at: http://europa.eu.int/en/comm/eurostat/