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Government R&D appropriations as a percentage of GDP in the EU and some countries in 1996-2005

  GDP share, %
 1996  1997  1998  1999  2000  2001  2002  2003 2004 2005
Netherlands 0.82 0.85 0.81 0.81 0.80 0.79 0.77 0.78 0.78 0.73
Belgium 0.55 0.56 0.58 0.59 0.57 0.60 0.61 0.62 0.63 ..
United Kingdom 0.75 0.73 0.66 0.68 0.69 0.68 0.77 0.76 0.71 ..
Spain 0.46 0.48 0.54 0.55 0.60 0.66 0.71 0.72 0.80 ..
Ireland 0.33 0.29 0.27 0.28 0.31 0.33 0.31 0.35 0.43 0.42
Italy 0.58 0.61 0.57 0.55 0.66 0.69 0.69 .. .. ..
Austria 0.62 0.61 0.63 0.64 0.61 0.65 0.66 0.64 0.63 0.62
Greece 0.30 0.30 0.29 0.31 0.35 0.32 0.29 0.30 0.30 ..
Latvia 0.24 0.23 0.22 0.21 0.19 0.20 0.18 0.18 .. ..
Luxembourg .. .. .. .. 0.13 0.17 0.21 0.25 0.28 0.30
Portugal 0.51 0.51 0.54 0.60 0.62 0.63 0.70 0.65 0.68 0.67
Poland 0.42 0.41 0.40 0.40 0.39 0.40 .. .. 0.33 ..
France 1.07 0.99 0.96 0.94 0.96 0.99 1.00 1.02 1.02 ..
Sweden 1.08 .. 0.78 0.73 0.72 0.84 0.87 0.97 0.94 0.95
Germany 0.88 0.84 0.81 0.81 0.79 0.78 0.78 0.79 0.76 0.76
Slovakia 0.42 0.41 0.42 0.40 0.36 0.34 0.32 0.32 0.31 0.33
Slovenia 0.50 0.53 0.51 0.56 0.52 0.53 0.55 0.57 .. ..
Finland 0.94 1.10 1.06 1.05 0.99 0.99 0.99 1.01 1.03 1.04
Denmark 0.71 0.72 0.74 0.79 0.76 0.75 0.74 0.73 0.72 0.71
Czech Republic .. .. .. .. .. .. 0.51 0.53 0.53 ..
EU-25 0.76 0.74 0.71 0.71 0.73 0.74 0.67 0.66 0.67 ..
Iceland 1.09 1.08 1.11 1.43 1.39 1.37 1.47 1.59 1.50 1.58
Norway 0.77 0.74 0.76 0.73 0.66 0.69 0.76 0.79 0.78 0.74
Switzerland 0.78 .. 0.69 .. 0.65 .. 0.69 .. 0.74 ..
Russia 0.56 0.77 0.40 0.50 0.47 0.55 0.61 0.72 0.64 ..
Israel 0.84 0.91 0.87 0.86 0.88 0.91 0.88 0.93 .. ..
Australia 0.61 0.59 0.58 0.58 0.58 0.59 0.57 0.59 0.56 0.56
Etelä-Korea .. .. .. 0.62 0.65 0.72 0.75 0.77 0.77 ..
Japani 0.55 0.58 0.59 0.62 0.64 0.69 0.71 0.72 0.71 0.72
Taiwan .. .. .. .. 0.66 0.70 0.81 0.86 0.89 ..
Kanada 0.53 0.51 0.54 0.55 0.53 0.60 0.60 0.65 0.65 ..
Yhdysvallat 0.89 0.87 0.85 0.84 0.86 0.91 0.99 1.08 1.08 1.08

Partly preliminary data or estimates
Source: OECD, Main Science and Technology Indicators, 2005/2; Eurostat

Last updated 8.2.2006

Referencing instructions:

Official Statistics of Finland (OSF): Government R&D funding in the state budget [e-publication].
ISSN=2489-3250. 2006, Government R&D appropriations as a percentage of GDP in the EU and some countries in 1996-2005 . Helsinki: Statistics Finland [referred: 27.10.2025].
Access method: http://stat.fi/til/tkker/2006/tkker_2006_2006-02-08_tau_003_en.html