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3 Classifications

3.1 Socio-economic Groups

Classification of Socio-economic Groups 1989

Code	Heading
3	Upper-level employees with administrative, managerial, professional and related occupations
31	Senior officials and upper management
32	Senior officials and employees in research and planning
33	Senior officials and employees in education and training
34	Other senior officials and employees
4	Lower-level employees with administrative and clerical occupations
41	Supervisors
42	Clerical and sales workers, independent work
43	Clerical and sales workers, routine work
44	Other lower-level employees with administrative and clerical occupations
5	Manual workers
51	Workers in agriculture, forestry and commercial fishing
52	Manufacturing workers
53	Other production workers
54	Distribution and service workers

3.2 Standard Industrial Classification

Standard Industrial Classification TOL 2008

Code	Heading
	Industries total
A	Agriculture, forestry and fishing
01	Crop and animal production, hunting and related service activities
02	Forestry and logging
03	Fishing and aquaculture
B	Mining and quarrying
05	Mining of coal and lignite
06	Extraction of crude petroleum and natural gas
07	Mining of metal ores
08	Other mining and quarrying
09	Mining support service activities
C	Manufacturing
10	Manufacture of food products
11	Manufacture of beverages
12	Manufacture of tobacco products
13	Manufacture of textiles
14	Manufacture of wearing apparel
15	Manufacture of leather and related products
16	Manufacture of wood and of products of wood and cork, except furniture; manufacture of articles of straw and plaiting materials
17	Manufacture of paper and paper products
18	Printing and reproduction of recorded media
19	Manufacture of coke and refined petroleum products
20	Manufacture of chemicals and chemical products
21	Manufacture of basic pharmaceutical products and pharmaceutical preparations
22	Manufacture of rubber and plastic products
23	Manufacture of other non-metallic mineral products
24	Manufacture of basic metals
25	Manufacture of fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment
26	Manufacture of computer, electronic and optical products
27	Manufacture of electrical equipment
28	Manufacture of machinery and equipment n.e.c.
29	Manufacture of motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers
30	Manufacture of other transport equipment
31	Manufacture of furniture
32	Other manufacturing
33	Repair and installation of machinery and equipment
D	Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply
35	Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply
E	Water supply; sewerage, waste management and remediation activities
36	Water collection, treatment and supply
37	Sewerage
38	Waste collection, treatment and disposal activities; materials recovery
39	Remediation activities and other waste management services

Code	Heading
F	Construction
41	Construction of buildings
42	Civil engineering
43	Specialised construction activities
G	Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles
45	Wholesale and retail trade and repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles
46	Wholesale trade, except of motor vehicles and motorcycles
47	Retail trade, except of motor vehicles and motorcycles
H	Transportation and storage
49	Land transport and transport via pipelines
50	Water transport
51	Air transport
52	Warehousing and support activities for transportation
53	Postal and courier activities
I	Accommodation and food service activities
55	Accommodation
56	Food and beverage service activities
J	Information and communication
58	Publishing activities
59	Motion picture, video and television programme production, sound recording and music publishing activities
60	Programming and broadcasting activities
61	Telecommunications
62	Computer programming, consultancy and related activities
63	Information service activities
K	Financial and insurance activities
64	Financial service activities, except insurance and pension funding
65	Insurance, reinsurance and pension funding, except compulsory social security
66	Activities auxiliary to financial services and insurance activities
L	Real estate activities
68	Real estate activities
M	Professional, scientific and technical activities
69	Legal and accounting activities
70	Activities of head offices; management consultancy activities
71	Architectural and engineering activities; technical testing and analysis
72	Scientific research and development
73	Advertising and market research
74	Other professional, scientific and technical activities
75	Veterinary activities
N	Administrative and support service activities
77	Rental and leasing activities
78	Employment activities
79	Travel agency, tour operator and other reservation service and related activities
80	Security and investigation activities
81	Services to buildings and landscape activities
82	Office administrative, office support and other business support activities
O	Public administration and defence; compulsory social security
84	Public administration and defence; compulsory social security
P	Education
85	Education
Q	Human health and social work activities
86	Human health activities
87	Residential care activities
88	Social work activities without accommodation
R	Arts, entertainment and recreation
90	Creative, arts and entertainment activities
91	Libraries, archives, museums and other cultural activities
92	Gambling and betting activities
93	Sports activities and amusement and recreation activities
S	Other service activities
94	Activities of membership organisations
95	Repair of computers and personal and household goods
96	Other personal service activities
T	Activities of households as employers; undifferentiated goods- and services-producing activities of households for own use
97	Activities of households as employers of domestic personnel
98	Undifferentiated goods- and services-producing activities of private households for own use
U	Activities of extraterritorial organisations and bodies
99	Activities of extraterritorial organisations and bodies
X	Industry unknown
00	Industry unknown

3.3 Classification of Occupations

Classification of Occupations 2010

Code	Heading
	Occupations total
1	Managers
11	Chief executives, senior officials and legislators
12	Administrative and commercial managers
13	Production and specialised services managers
14	Hospitality, retail and other services managers
2	Professionals
21	Science and engineering professionals
22	Health professionals
23	Teaching professionals
24	Business and administration professionals
25	Information and communications technology professionals
26	Legal, social and cultural professionals
3	Technicians and associate professionals
31	Science and engineering associate professionals
32	Health associate professionals
33	Business and administration associate professionals
34	Legal, social, cultural and related associate professionals
35	Information and communications technicians
4	Clerical support workers
41	General and keyboard clerks
42	Customer services clerks
43	Numerical and material recording clerks
44	Other clerical support workers
5	Service and sales workers
51	Personal service workers
52	Sales workers
53	Personal care workers
54	Protective services workers
6	Skilled agricultural, forestry and fishery workers
61	Market-oriented skilled agricultural workers
62	Market-oriented skilled forestry, fishery and hunting workers
63	Subsistence farmers, fishers, hunters and gatherers
7	Craft and related trades workers
71	Building and related trades workers, excluding electricians
72	Metal, machinery and related trades workers
73	Handicraft and printing workers
74	Electrical and electronic trades workers
75	Food processing, wood working, garment and other craft and related trades workers

Code	Heading
8	Plant and machine operators, and assemblers
81	Stationary plant and machine operators
82	Assemblers
83	Drivers and mobile plant operators
9	Elementary occupations
91	Cleaners and helpers
92	Agricultural, forestry and fishery labourers
93	Labourers in mining, construction, manufacturing and transport
94	Food preparation assistants
95	Street and related sales and service workers
96	Refuse workers and other elementary workers
0	Armed forces occupations
01	Commissioned armed forces officers
02	Non-commissioned armed forces officers
03	Armed forces occupations, other ranks

3.4 Levels of education

National Classification of Education 2016, levels of education

Code	Heading
0	Pre-primary education Usually provided by children's day care centres or comprehensive schools to children aged between 3 and 6. At least one member of day care centre staff per group must have a teacher's qualification.
1	Primary education, grades 1 to 6 Completion of the primary school (kansakoulu). Grades 1 to 6 of the comprehensive school.
2	Lower secondary education, grades 7 to 9 Completion of the middle school (keskikoulu). Grades 7 to 9 and the voluntary 10th grade of the comprehensive school (peruskoulu).
3	Upper secondary education Upper secondary education comprises matriculation examination, vocational qualifications attained in 2 to 3 years. The cumulative duration since the start of ISCED level 1 is generally 12 years for ISCED level 3 programmes. Matriculation examination gives general eligibility for tertiary education. Upper secondary vocational education gives a vocational competence and the opportunity to pursue further studies in polytechnics and, subject to certain conditions, in universities.
4	Post-secondary non-tertiary education Education leading to specialist vocational qualifications are further vocational education. These are always preparatory education for a skills examination and the qualifications are based on skills examinations. Skills can be proven also based on work experience.
5	Lowest level tertiary education Lowest level tertiary education comprises vocational college education with a duration of 2 to 3 years after upper secondary education. Examples of vocational college qualifications include Technician Engineer (teknikko), Diploma in Business and Administration (merkonomi) and Diploma in Nursing (sairaanhoitaja).
6	Lower-degree level tertiary education Lower-degree level tertiary education comprises, among others, polytechnic degrees and lower university degrees, as well as engineering and sea captain's qualifications, for example. The duration of polytechnic education is 3.5 to 4.5 years. The duration for the attainment of a lower university degree (bachelor level) is 3 to 4 years.
7	Higher-degree level tertiary education Higher-degree level tertiary education comprises higher university degrees (Master level), specialist's degrees in medicine and polytechnic Master’s degrees. The duration for the attainment of a higher university degree (Master level) is 5 to 6 years and for polytechnic Master’s degree requiring additional work experience 1 to 1.5 years.
8	Doctorate or equivalent level tertiary education Comprises post higher-degree level academic degrees of licentiate and doctorate (scientific post-graduate degrees).
9	Level of education unknown

3.5 Employer sector

The employer sector data published from the Labour Force Survey are divided into the public and private sectors, and the public sector is divided into the central government and local government sectors. The employer sector classification is based on the Classification of Sectors 2012, where applicable.

The public sector includes the following sub-categories:

• S.1311 Central government

  S. 13111 Budget economy of central government

  S. 13119 Other units of central government

• S.1313 Local government

  S. 13131 Municipalities

  S. 13132 Joint municipal authorities

  S. 13133 The Åland Government

  S. 13139 Other units of local government

• S. 1314 Social security funds

The private sector includes the following sub-catecories:

• S.11 Non-financial corporations

• S.12 Financial and insurance corporations

• S.14 Households

• S.15 Non-profit institutions serving households

The other or unknown sector includes the Classification of Sectors category:

• S.2 Rest of the world

Source: Labour Force Survey 2020. Statistics Finland

Inquiries: Ulla Hannula 029 551 2924, Tatu Leskinen 029 551 3285, tyovoimatutkimus@stat.fi

Head of Department in charge: Hannele Orjala

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Updated 4.3.2021