Ratio of R&D expenditure to GDP
3.22%3.22
2024
Research and development
Updated: 23/10/2025

The statistics on research and development describe the resources used for research, and for product and process development. The statistics are based on data obtained from enterprises, universities, university hospitals, universities of applied science as well as organisations from private non-profit and public sector. The OECD and EU recommendations are observed in the compilation of the statistics.
3.22%3.22
2024
Research and development
Updated: 23/10/2025
Share of research and development expenditure of gross domestic product 3.2 per cent in 2024
Research and development 2024
Share of research and development expenditure of gross domestic product 3.1 per cent in 2023
Research and development 2023
Research and development share of gross domestic product 3 per cent in 2022
Research and development 2022
Description of the production, used methods and quality of the statistics.
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