Environment and Natural Resources
Contents
- Geographical data
- Protected and wilderness areas
- National parks and strict nature reserves
- Weather conditions
- Air emissions
- Municipal waste by treatment method
Geographical data
| Area, km2, 1.1.2021 | |
|---|---|
| Area | 338 462 |
| Land area | 303 935 |
| Fresh water | 34 527 |
| Sea water | 52 443 |
| Total | 390 905 |
| Boundaries, km | |
| Sweden | 614 |
| Norway | 736 |
| Russia | 1 340 |
| Limit of territorial waters | 1 250 |
| Total | 3 940 |
| Greatest length, km | |
| Hanko–Utsjoki | 1 157 |
| Greatest width, km | |
| Närpiö–Ilomantsi | 542 |
| Highest point, m | |
| Halti | 1 324 |
| Longest river, km | |
| Kemijoki | 500 |
| Largest lakes, km2 | |
| Saimaa | 1 393 |
| Päijänne | 1 082 |
| Inarijärvi | 1 082 |
| Oulujärvi | 912 |
| Pielinen | 895 |
| Largest islands, km2 | |
| a) Sea | |
| Mainland Åland | 689 |
| Kemiönsaari | 545 |
| b) Inland waters | |
| Soisalo | 1 540 |
Lakes with an area of 500 m2 or more total about 168 000, of which around 57 000 with an area of over one hectare.
Islands with an area of 100 m2 or more total about 187 000.
Sources: National Land Survey of Finland
Updated: 25.1.2021
Protected and wilderness areas on 1 January 2020
| Number | Area, ha | Water, % | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Protected areas | 12 652 | 2 390 527 | 17,8 |
| National parks | 40 | 1 003 345 | 18,0 |
| Strict nature reserves | 19 | 154 150 | 1,9 |
| Mire reserves | 166 | 474 966 | 2,5 |
| Herb-rich forest reserves | 46 | 1 058 | 1,0 |
| Old-growth forest reserves | 77 | 8 603 | 3,1 |
| Other state-owned protected areas | 452 | 364 769 | 10,1 |
| Private-owned nature reserves | 11 789 | 347 870 | 51,2 |
| Protected areas on Åland | 63 | 35 766 | 92,1 |
| Wilderness reserves | 12 | 1 489 121 | 7,5 |
In addition, the Act on the Protection of Rapids protects a total of 53
individual rapids, river portions or catchment areas against power
station construction.
Corresponding acts have been passed on the protection of the Ounasjoki and Kyrönjoki rivers.
Sources: Ministry of the Environment
Updated: 3.3.2020
National parks and strict nature reserves
on 1 January 2021
© Metsähallitus 2021
© National Land Survey of Finland 1/MML/21
Source: Metsähallitus
Updated: 14.4.2021
Weather conditions
| Month | Mean daily temperature (centigrade) |
Number of days with precipitation 1) |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Helsinki | Sodankylä | Helsinki | Sodankylä | |||||
| 1981–2010 | 2020 | 1981–2010 | 2020 | 1981–2010 | 2020 | 1981–2010 | 2020 | |
| January | -3,9 | 3,0 | -13,5 | -9,4 | 12 | 11 | 9 | 17 |
| February | -4,7 | 1,4 | -12,7 | -8,9 | 8 | 10 | 8 | 9 |
| March | -1,3 | 2,4 | -7,5 | -5,6 | 8 | 10 | 8 | 9 |
| April | 3,9 | 5,1 | -1,3 | -1,8 | 7 | 7 | 6 | 4 |
| May | 10,2 | 9,6 | 5,3 | 5,0 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 3 |
| June | 14,6 | 17,9 | 11,6 | 15,4 | 8 | 7 | 10 | 6 |
| July | 17,8 | 16,7 | 14,5 | 15,0 | 8 | 14 | 11 | 13 |
| August | 16,3 | 17,1 | 11,7 | 13,1 | 10 | 11 | 10 | 8 |
| September | 11,5 | 13,8 | 6,2 | 7,7 | 10 | 7 | 9 | 12 |
| October | 6,6 | 9,3 | 0,1 | 2,6 | 10 | 14 | 9 | 18 |
| November | 1,6 | 5,6 | -7,1 | -1,1 | 12 | 12 | 10 | 10 |
| December | -2,0 | 1,9 | -11,7 | -5,2 | 11 | 15 | 8 | 11 |
oF = 9/5oC + 32
1) Precipitation ≥ 1,0 mm
Source: Finnish Meteorological Institute
Updated: 1.3.2021
Air emissions
| 1990 | 2000 | 2010 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Greenhouse gas emissions, CO2 eq., mil. tonnes |
71,2 | 70,3 | 75,7 | 55,3 | 56,3 | 53,1 |
| Carbon dioxide 1), mil. tonnes | 52,5 | 52,8 | 59,2 | 40,0 | 41,1 | 38,1 |
| Sulphur (as SO2), thousand tonnes | 250 | 81 | 67 | 36 | 33 | 30 |
| Nitrogen oxides (as NO2), thousand tonnes | 298 | 235 | 179 | 124 | 120 | 114 |
1) Emissions from combustion of fossil fuels and peat
Source: Statistics Finland, Greenhouse gases
Updated: 24.3.2021
Municipal waste by treatment method
Source: Statistics Finland, Waste statistics
Updated: 12.1.2021
Main topic: Environment and Natural Resources
Last updated 14 Apr 2021