Work, wages and livelihood
Finland in Figures is an information package about Finland and Finns.
On this page
- Population aged 15 to 74 by activity
- Employment rate
- Employed persons aged 15 to 74 by industry
- Employees aged 15 to 74 by type of employment relationship
- Unemployed, aged 15 to 74 years of age
- Unemployment rate
- Index of wage and salary earnings, average annual changes
- Index of wage and salary earnings by employer sector
- Total earnings by employer sector
- Total earnings by level of education and age
- Total earnings by occupation
- Income in state taxation and income recipients, taxes and charges
- At-risk-of-poverty
- Financial assets of households
- Households' withdrawals of new housing loans
- Household consumption expenditure
- Commuting
Population aged 15 to 74 by activity
| 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Population aged 15 to 74, thousand | 4 133 | 4 123 | 4 120 | 4 131 |
| Labour force | 2 704 | 2 766 | 2 809 | 2 832 |
| Employed | 2 495 | 2 555 | 2 619 | 2 628 |
| Unemployed | 209 | 212 | 190 | 204 |
| Inactive population | 1 429 | 1 357 | 1 310 | 1 299 |
| Labour force rate, % | 65,4 | 67,1 | 68,2 | 68,5 |
| Unemployment rate, % | 7,7 | 7,7 | 6,8 | 7,2 |
| Males | 8,1 | 8,2 | 7,1 | 7,9 |
| Females | 7,4 | 7,1 | 6,4 | 6,5 |
| Employed by type of employment relationship, thousand | ||||
| Full-time work | 2 078 | 2 073 | 2 108 | 2 111 |
| Part-time work | 415 | 473 | 488 | 488 |
| Employed by employer sector, thousand | ||||
| Private sector 1) | 1 866 | 1 914 | 1 957 | 1 944 |
| Local government 2) | 476 | 475 | 483 | 499 |
| Central government 3) | 146 | 148 | 159 | 164 |
| Employed by status in employment, thousand | ||||
| Employees | 2 151 | 2 193 | 2 265 | 2 292 |
| Self-employed persons and unpaid family workers | 343 | 361 | 354 | 336 |
| Annual hours actually worked per employee, hours/year | ||||
| Total | 1 572 | 1 557 | 1 536 | 1 528 |
| Private sector 1) | 1 583 | 1 570 | 1 557 | 1 548 |
| Public sector 2) 3) | 1 546 | 1 526 | 1 479 | 1 473 |
1) The private sector comprises those whose employer is a company (including state majority-owned or municipality-owned companies), a private person, an enterprise, a foundation, a cooperative or an association, and those who are self-employed or own-account workers. Non-profit institutions, such as the church and parishes, are also included in the private sector.
2) Municipalities and joint municipal authorities comprise the municipal administration, the municipal school system, as well as the unincorporated service institutions and establishments of municipalities and joint municipal authorities, such as health centres, hospitals, day-care centres and unincorporated enterprises of municipalities and joint municipal authorities
3) The central government sector includes state administration, universities, the Social Insurance Institution, unincorporated state enterprises and social security funds
Source: Statistics Finland, labour force survey
Population aged 15 to 74 by activity (xlsx)
Updated: 30.1.2024
Employment rate, %
Employed persons aged 15 to 74 by industry
| Industry TOL 2008 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Thousand persons | ||||
| Agriculture, forestry and fishing; mining and quarrying | 100 | 107 | 102 |
96 |
| Manufacturing; electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning and water supply; sewerage and waste management | 357 | 351 | 366 | 375 |
| Construction | 194 | 189 | 184 | 182 |
| Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles | 272 | 291 | 290 | 282 |
| Transportation and storage | 139 | 135 | 136 | 134 |
| Accommodation and food service activities | 83 | 86 | 100 | 97 |
| Information and communication | 122 | 126 | 134 | 139 |
| Financial, insurance and real estate activities | 76 | 74 | 77 | 78 |
| Professional, scientific and technical activities; administrative and support service activities | 304 | 315 | 333 | 335 |
| Public administration and defence; compulsory social security | 111 | 117 | 122 | 125 |
| Education | 177 | 181 | 184 | 193 |
| Human health and social work activities | 402 | 410 | 415 | 419 |
| Arts, entertainment and recreation; other service activities | 150 | 157 | 156 | 152 |
| Industry unknown | 7 | 16 | 18 | 20 |
| Total | 2 495 | 2 555 | 2 619 | 2 628 |
Source: Statistics Finland, labour force survey
Employed persons aged 15 to 74 by industry (xlsx)
Updated: 30.1.2024
Employees aged 15 to 74 by type of employment relationship and gender
| Year | Employees | Permanent full-time work | Fixed-term work | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Males | Females | Males | Females | Males | Females | |
| Thousand persons | % of employees | |||||
| 2019 | 1 085 | 1 100 | 86,9 | 81,4 | 13,1 | 18,6 |
| 2020 | 1 069 | 1 082 | 87,5 | 82,5 | 12,5 | 17,5 |
| 2021 | 1 085 | 1 109 | 86,0 | 80,7 | 14,0 | 19,3 |
| 2022 | 1 114 | 1 151 | 85,2 | 80,4 | 14,8 | 19,6 |
| 2023 | 1 116 | 1 176 | 85,8 | 80,9 | 14,2 | 19,1 |
Source: Statistics Finland, labour force survey
Employees aged 15 to 74 by type of employment relationship and gender (xlsx)
Updated: 30.1.2024
Unemployed, aged 15 to 74 years of age
Source: Statistics Finland, labour force survey
Unemployed, aged 15 to 74 years of age (xlsx)
Updated: 30.1.2024
Unemployment rate
| Year | Total | Males | Females | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aged 15 to 74 | Aged 15 to 24 | |||
| % | % | % | % | |
| 2010 | 8,6 | 9,4 | 7,7 | 22,0 |
| 2011 | 8,0 | 8,7 | 7,2 | 20,3 |
| 2012 | 7,9 | 8,6 | 7,1 | 19,5 |
| 2013 | 8,3 | 9,1 | 7,5 | 20,6 |
| 2014 | 8,7 | 9,6 | 7,8 | 20,5 |
| 2015 | 9,4 | 10,2 | 8,6 | 22,5 |
| 2016 | 8,9 | 9,4 | 8,4 | 20,5 |
| 2017 | 8,7 | 9,1 | 8,3 | 20,0 |
| 2018 | 7,5 | 7,7 | 7,2 | 17,3 |
| 2019 | 6,8 | 7,3 | 6,2 | 17,7 |
| 2020 | 7,7 | 8,1 | 7,4 | 21,0 |
| 2021 | 7,7 | 8,2 | 7,1 | 17,1 |
| 2022 | 6,8 | 7,1 | 6,4 | 14,2 |
| 2023 | 7,2 | 7,9 | 6,5 | 16,2 |
Index of wage and salary earnings, average annual changes, 1975–2023*
Source: Statistics Finland, index of wage and salary earnings
Index of wage and salary earnings, average annual changes (xlsx)
Updated: 1.3.2024
Index of wage and salary earnings by employer sector, 1965–2023*
Source: Statistics Finland, index of wage and salary earnings
Index of wage and salary earnings by employer sector (xlsx)
Updated: 1.3.2024
Total earnings by employer sector, 2022
| Employer sector | Median of total earnings, €/month | Full-time employees | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total | Men | Women | ||
| Private sector | 3 500 | 3 752 | 3 179 | 1 056 326 |
| Local government | 3 102 | 3 458 | 3 045 | 372 055 |
| Budget economy of central government | 4 051 | 4 355 | 3 656 | 73 581 |
| Total | 3 411 | 3 753 | 3 136 | 1 501 962 |
Source: Statistics Finland, structure of earnings
Total earnings by employer sector (xlsx)
Updated: 5.12.2023
Total earnings by level of education and age, 2022
Full-time employees
Source: Statistics Finland, structure of earnings
Total earnings by level of education and age (xlsx)
Updated: 5.12.2023
Total earnings by occupation, 2022
| Category of occupation | Median of total earnings, €/month | Full-time employees | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total | Men | Women | ||
| Managers | 7 094 | 7 696 | 6 089 | 54 870 |
| - Managing directors and chief executives | 11 570 | 12 020 | 10 314 | 2 546 |
| Professionals | 4 354 | 4 744 | 4 056 | 446 071 |
| - Medical doctors | 7 827 | 8 116 | 7 648 | 12 321 |
| - Primary school and early childhood teachers | 3 216 | 3 802 | 3 157 | 43 660 |
| Technicians and associate professionals | 3 465 | 3 924 | 3 200 | 336 546 |
| - Nursing and midwifery associate professionals | 3 254 | 3 601 | 3 222 | 55 226 |
| - Sales and purchasing agents and brokers | 4 190 | 4 520 | 3 808 | 44 325 |
| Clerical support workers | 2 883 | 3 000 | 2 849 | 94 205 |
| - Numerical clerks | 2 948 | 2 993 | 2 944 | 18 311 |
| Service and sales workers | 2 641 | 2 845 | 2 581 | 242 011 |
| - Shop salespersons | 2 665 | 2 938 | 2 554 | 49 447 |
| - Child care workers and teachers' aides | 2 363 | 2 289 | 2 368 | 39 339 |
| - Personal care workers in health services | 2 851 | 2 910 | 2 844 | 82 154 |
| Craft and related trades workers | 3 223 | 3 264 | 2 827 | 114 167 |
| Plant and machine operators, and assemblers | 3 195 | 3 284 | 2 802 | 109 029 |
| - Heavy truck and bus drivers | 3 218 | 3 226 | 3 077 | 25 621 |
| Domestic, hotel and office cleaners and helpers | 2 198 | 2 162 | 2 202 | 36 376 |
Source: Statistics Finland, structure of earnings
Total earnings by occupation (xlsx)
Updated: 5.12.2023
Income in state taxation and income recipients, taxes and charges, 2022
Individual taxpayers and death estates
| Income bracket, € | Income recipients, thousand | Income subject to taxation, € million | Taxes och charges, € million |
|---|---|---|---|
| – 9 999 | 1 338 | 12 330 | 801 |
| 10 000–19 999 | 862 | 16 949 | 2 175 |
| 20 000–29 999 | 855 | 25 741 | 3 907 |
| 30 000–39 999 | 715 | 28 734 | 5 418 |
| 40 000–49 999 | 429 | 21 746 | 4 925 |
| 50 000–59 999 | 237 | 14 557 | 3 702 |
| 60 000–69 999 | 132 | 9 577 | 2 638 |
| 70 000–79 999 | 80 | 6 638 | 1 930 |
| 80 000–89 999 | 49 | 4 645 | 1 411 |
| 90 000–99 999 | 32 | 3 338 | 1 064 |
| 100 000–149 999 | 63 | 8 216 | 2 828 |
| 150 000– | 34 | 12 207 | 4 511 |
| Total | 4 827 | 164 679 | 35 311 |
Source: Tax Administration
Income in state taxation and income recipients, taxes and charges (xlsx)
Updated: 8.12.2023
At-risk-of-poverty
Persons at-risk-of-poverty are those whose household’s disposable monetary income per consumption unit is below 60% of the median income of all households
1) Long-term low-income earners are those who have belonged to low-income households in two years within the three previous years
Source: Statistics Finland, income distribution statistics
Updated: 19.12.2023
Financial assets of households
Source: Statistics Finland, financial accounts
Financial assets of households (xlsx)
Updated: 17.5.2024
Households' withdrawals of new housing loans
New housing loans withdrawn from Finnish financial institutions
Household consumption expenditure
| 1980 | 1990 | 2000 | 2010 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022* | 2023* | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| % | ||||||||
| Housing, water, electricity, gas and other fuels | 18,6 | 18,2 | 24,4 | 25,7 | 31,0 | 30,6 | 30,2 | 29,7 |
| Food and non-alcoholic beverages | 21,3 | 16,3 | 12,6 | 12,1 | 12,7 | 12,3 | 12,2 | 12,5 |
| Transport | 14,4 | 14,5 | 13,2 | 12,3 | 10,4 | 10,8 | 11,2 | 11,1 |
| Recreation and culture | 10,2 | 11,2 | 11,3 | 11,9 | 9,2 | 9,1 | 9,1 | 8,9 |
| Restaurants and hotels | 6,4 | 7,7 | 6,4 | 6,3 | 5,2 | 5,1 | 6,3 | 6,7 |
| Furnishings, household equipment and routine household maintenance | 6,1 | 5,4 | 4,8 | 5,3 | 4,8 | 4,9 | 4,7 | 4,3 |
| Alcoholic beverages, tobacco and narcotics | 6,3 | 6,6 | 5,8 | 5,1 | 5,2 | 4,9 | 4,4 | 4,2 |
| Health | 2,1 | 2,9 | 3,8 | 4,4 | 4,5 | 4,6 | 4,3 | 4,2 |
| Clothing and footwear | 6,1 | 5,6 | 4,6 | 4,8 | 3,5 | 3,8 | 3,8 | 3,7 |
| Communication | 1,1 | 1,4 | 3,1 | 2,5 | 2,6 | 2,5 | 2,4 | 2,4 |
| Education | 0,2 | 0,3 | 0,5 | 0,4 | 0,4 | 0,4 | 0,3 | 0,4 |
| Miscellaneous goods and services | 7,2 | 9,8 | 9,4 | 9,1 | 10,5 | 11,0 | 11,1 | 12,0 |
| Total | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
* preliminary data
Source: Statistics Finland, annual national accounts
Household consumption expenditure (xlsx)
Updated: 1.10.2024
Commuting
| Year | Commuters to the area | Persons working in their municipality of residence | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total | % | Total | % | |
| 1990 | 509 861 | 21,9 | 1 822 421 | 78,1 |
| 2000 | 610 938 | 27,4 | 1 617 619 | 72,6 |
| 2010 | 751 778 | 32,3 | 1 573 901 | 67,7 |
| 2020 | 801 967 | 35,1 | 1 482 706 | 64,9 |
| 2021 | 847 509 | 35,7 | 1 529 617 | 64,3 |
| 2022 | 865 537 | 35,7 | 1 558 011 | 64,3 |
Regional division as on 1 January 2023
Main topic: Work, wages and livelihood
More statistical figures in the StatFin database
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Last updated 1 Oct 2024