Population and society

Finland in Figures is an information package about Finland and Finns. 

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Elections

Development of population, 1750-2024

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Population structure on 31 December

  1900 1950 2000 2020 2023 2024
Population, thousand    
Total 2 656 4 030 5 181 5 534 5 604 5 636
Males 1 311 1 926 2 529 2 734 2 774 2 791
Females 1 345 2 104 2 652 2 800 2 830 2 845
Age, %    
0–14 35,1 30,0 18,1 15,6 14,9 14,6
15–64 59,6 63,4 66,9 61,7 61,8 61,9
65–84 5,2 6,4 13,5 19,9 20,5 20,6
85– 0,1 0,2 1,5 2,8 2,9 3,0
Average age, years    
Males 26,3 28,6 37,7 42,1 42,5 42,7
Females 27,5 31,6 41,0 44,7 45,1 45,2
Native language 1), %    
Finnish 86,8 91,1 92,4 86,9 84,9 84,1
Swedish 12,9 8,6 5,6 5,2 5,1 5,1
Sami 0,10 0,10 0,03 0,04 0,04 0,04
Other 0,3 0,2 1,9 7,8 10,0 10,8
Marital status, %    
Single 60,9 53,3 47,1 48,9 49,9 50,2
Married 2) 33,6 39,4 38,3 35,3 34,3 34,0
Divorced and widowed 2) 5,5 7,2 14,6 15,8 15,8 15,8
Religion, %    
Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland 3) 98,1 95,0 85,1 67,8 63,6 62,2
Greek Orthodox Church 4) 1,7 1,7 1,1 1,1 1,0 1,0
Other 0,2 0,5 1,1 1,7 1,8 1,8
Persons not members of any religious community - 2,8 12,7 29,4 33,6 34,9

1) Finnish and Swedish are the official languages
2) In 2020–2024 incl. registered partnerships
3) Incl. other Lutheran churches
4) Incl. other Orthodox churches

Age structure of population on 31 December

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Population 1870–2024 and population projection 2025–2075 by age group

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Average age of population 1990–2024

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Vital statistics

  2000 2010 2020 2024
Live births 56 742 60 980 46 463 43 720
Deaths 49 339 50 887 55 488 58 267
Natural population increase 7 403 10 093 -9 025 -14 547
Intermunicipal migration 1) 260 047 270 688 296 852 288 939
Intramunicipal migration 1) 550 293 575 435 599 992 578 126
Immigration to Finland 16 895 25 636 32 898 63 965
Emigration from Finland 14 311 11 905 15 084 16 914
Net migration  2 584 13 731 17 814 47 051
Marriages 2) 27 751 31 925 22 082 21 420
Divorces 2) 14 096 13 807 13 478 11 869
Total change 9 813 23 849 8 501 32 120
Population 5 181 115 5 375 276 5 533 793 5 635 971

1) Regional division as on 1 January 2024
2) Marriages contracted and divorces where at least one of the spouses is living permanently in Finland.  Incl. same-sex couples from 2017 onwards.

Vital statistics 1950-2024

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Live births and deaths, 1950-2024

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Life expectancy

The number of years that a person would live provided that the rate of mortality remains unchanged

Age 2000 2010 2023
Males Females Males Females Males Females
Years
  0 74,1 81,0 76,7 83,2 79,0 84,2
10 64,6 71,4 67,0 73,5 69,2 74,4
20 54,8 61,5 57,2 63,6 59,4 64,5
30 45,4 51,7 47,8 53,8 49,9 54,7
40 36,1 42,1 38,3 44,0 40,3 45,0
50 27,3 32,7 29,3 34,6 31,0 35,4
60 19,2 23,7 21,1 25,5 22,3 26,1
70 12,1 15,2 13,8 17,0 14,6 17,5
80 6,6 8,2 7,6 9,4 8,1 10,0

Causes of death, 2023

Cause of death Deaths % Males % Females %
Diseases of the circulatory system 19 349 32 10 035 32 9 314 31
Neoplasms 13 875 23 7 471 24 6 404 21
Dementia, Alzheimer's disease 12 154 20 4 197 13 7 957 26
Accidents excl. alcohol poisonings 2 409 4 1 536 5 873 3
COVID-19 virus infection; 2 229 4 1 266 4 963 3
Diseases of the respiratory system 2 113 3 1 276 4 837 3
Alcohol related diseases and accidental poisoning by alcohol 1 727 3 1 283 4 444 1
Diseases of the digestive system 1 370 2 690 2 680 2
Suicides 752 1 555 2 197 1
Other causes of death 5 323 9 2 801 9 2 522 8
Deaths total 61 301 100 31 110 100 30 191 100

 

Migration, 1950-2024

Content available in Excel format

Source: Statistics Finland, migration

Migration (xlsx)

Updated: 28.5.2025

Population by origin and language, 2024

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Population by language on 31 December

  2021 2022 2023 2024 %
National languages, total 5 090 199 5 067 978 5 045 557 5 025 823 89,2
Finnish 4 800 243 4 778 891 4 757 476 4 738 386 84,1
Swedish 287 933 287 052 286 030 285 360 5,1
Sami 2 023 2 035 2 051 2 077 0,0
Foreign languages, total 458 042 495 992 558 294 610 148 10,8
Russian 87 552 93 535 99 606 102 487 1,8
Estonian 50 232 50 318 50 202 49 563 0,9
Arabic 36 466 39 069 41 311 43 534 0,8
Ukrainian 7 278 8 761 26 519 38 850 0,7
English 25 638 29 448 33 796 36 971 0,7
Somali 23 656 24 647 25 654 26 891 0,5
Farsi, Persian 16 432 18 097 20 421 22 154 0,5
Chinese 14 780 15 735 17 501 19  264 0,3
Albanian 13 830 15 576 17 779 19 072 0,3
Kurdish 15 850 16 603 17 270 17 953 0,3
Vietnamese 12 310 13 138 14 486 16 129 0,3
Turkish 10 039 10 913 11 852 12 964 0,2
Tagalog 5 934 8 158 10 724 12 661 0,2
Thai 10 831 11 274 11 886 12 355 0,2
Others 127 214 140 720 159 287 179 300 3,2
Unknown 988 1 220 1 498 1 852 0,0
Total 5 548 241 5 563 970 5 603 851 5 635 971 100

Population by citizenship

Country of citizenship 2021 2022 2023 2024 Increase of population 2023–2024, %
Finland 5 251 777 5 240 284 5 230 878 5 224 870 -0,1
Foreign countries, total 296 464 323 686 372 973 411 101 10,2
Estonia 51 805 51 819 51 597 50 444 -2,2
Ukraine 7 202 8 441 28 100 41 403 47,3
Russia 30 049 33 428 35 359 35 172 -0,5
China 11 405 12 297 14 020 15 687 11,9
Philippines 5 351 8 140 11 540 15 122 31,0
India 8 245 10 487 13 068 15 115 15,7
Iraq 15 075 15 322 14 730 13 993 -5,0
Vietnam 7 237 7 757 8 795 10 076 14,6
Afghanistan 7 686 8 362 9 222 9 237 0,2
Bangladesh 2 819 3 880 6 272 8 668 38,2
Former Serbia and Montenegro 5 432 6 528 7 934 8 594 8,3
Thailand 7 925 8 073 8 396 8 506 1,3
Türkiye 6 079 6 733 7 422 8 290 11,7
Nepal 3 803 4 406 5 618 8 177 45,6
Sri Lanka 897 2 017 5 243 7 919 51,0
Others 122 345 133 017 142 716 151 649 6,3
Unknown 1 826 1 694 1 628 1 732 6,4
Without citizenship 1 283 1 285 1 313 1 317 0,3
Total 5 548 241 5 563 970 5 603 851 5 635 971 0,6

Finnish citizenships granted

Persons permanently resident in Finland

Country of previous citizenship 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024
Russia 1 546 1 161 2 062 1 906 1 624
Iraq 602 744 950 1 517 1 352
Afghanistan 264 227 363 681 739
Syria 205 360 352 805 707
Somalia 541 436 554 728 653
Estonia 516 370 626 486 541
Thailand 304 209 325 296 369
Ukraine 220 171 321 309 357
Viet nam 148 140 331 293 317
Iran 156 155 219 288 304
Others 3 314 2 670 4 095 4 915 4 549
Total 7 816 6 643 10 198 12 224 11 512

Applicants for asylum 

Year Applicants
for asylum
Decisions on asylum 1) Family reunification
Asylum granted Residence permit granted 2) Negative  decision Applications accepted 3) Applications rejected 3)
2019 4 550 2 073 886 2 875 1 531 613
2020 3 209 1 500 566 1 196 1 360 350
2021 2 545 1 752 380 893 1 214 221
2022 5 827 1 367 393 878 1 281 187
2023 5 372 1 281 290 752 1 731 116

1) Decisions of the Finnish Immigration Service
2) Incl. residence permits granted on the basis of humanitarian and subsidiary protection
3) Decision concern one person

Corrected on 25 April 2024.

Families, 2024

Family type All families Average size of family Families with children aged under 18 Families with children aged under 3
Total 1 472 516 2,70 547 913 120 208
Married or registered couple with children 372 359 3,91 299 196 64 434
Cohabiting couples 1) with children 130 137 3,67 117 170 41 693
Mother with children 153 268 2,56 109 964 13 488
Father with children 37 418 2,34 21 583 593
Married or registered couple without children 533 781 2,00 . .
Cohabiting couple without children, opposite-sex spouses 245 553 2,00 . .

1) Incl. same-sex spouses, of which one is the confirmed mother

 

Source: Statistics Finland, families

Families (xlsx)

Updated: 17.6.2025

Families with children

A family with underage children is a family comprising at least one child aged under 18 living at home

Families with children Total 1 child 2 children 3 children 4+ children
2000 612 627 268 369 230 758 85 025 28 475
2010 582 360 254 551 222 596 76 860 28 353
2020 556 052 238 258 218 750 71 378 27 666
2024 547 913 244 949 214 394 64 137 24 433
2024, % 100 44,4 39,1 11,7 4,5

Demographic dependency ratio by municipality, 2024

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Regional division as on 1 January 2025

Population data by region

Region Population 31.12. Increase of population, %
Regional division as on 1 January 2025 2000 2024 2000–2024
Uusimaa 1 394 199 1 782 300 27,8
Southwest Finland 447 103 494 819 10,7
Satakunta 232 569 211 261 -9,2
Kanta-Häme 165 307 169 455 2,5
Pirkanmaa 453 319 545 406 20,3
Päijät-Häme 204 912 204 635 -0,1
Kymenlaakso 179 940 157 442 -12,5
South Karelia 136 299 125 083 -8,22
South Savo 156 117 129 376 -17,1
North Savo 259 639 248 815 -4,2
North Karelia 176 187 162 091 -8,0
Central Finland 262 710 274 112 4,3
South Ostrobothnia 200 766 189 929 -5,4
Ostrobothnia 168 077 178 749 6,3
Central Ostrobothnia 68 052 67 723 -0,5
North Ostrobothnia 372 639 418 331 12,3
Kainuu 85 736 69 639 -18,8
Lapland 191 768 176 151 -8,1
Åland 25 776 30 654 18,9
Whole country 5 181 115 5 635 971 8,8

Population in the largest municipalities

The total number of municipalities 308
Regional division as on 1 January 2025

Municipality Population Increase of population
31.12.2024 2023–2024 %
1. Helsinki 684 018 9 518 1,4
2. Espoo 320 931 6 907 2,2
3. Tampere 260 180 5 130 2,0
4. Vantaa 251 269 3 826 1,5
5. Oulu 216 152 1 519 0,7
6. Turku 206 073 4 210 2,1
7. Jyväskylä 149 194 1 448 1,0
8. Kuopio 125 666 1 645 1,3
9. Lahti 121 337 644 0,5
10. Pori 83 305 199 0,2

Offences

Offences known to the authorities

  2021 2022 2023 2024
Offences and infractions total 511 163 505 152 541 488 539 719
Offences against the Criminal Code 492 182 486 199 522 764 522 044
Total of thefts 128 332 129 011 130 748 131 023
Robbery total 1 902 2 336 2 733 2 593
Damage to property 32 228 31 470 31 080 31 664
Fraud, embezzlement 41 862 43 499 48 369 48 209
Means of payment frauds and offences 6 832 11 935 15 334 22 587
Offences against life total 83 79 57 89
Attempted manslaughter, murder or killing 376 350 356 381
Assault offences, total 34 523 38 603 41 815 41 498
Sexual crimes 5 484 5 592 1) 7 451 9 608
Traffic offences 135 064 119 920 119 588 118 276
- Drunken driving, total 17 402 16 141 15 919 14 472
Violation of privacy, peace and honour 14 528 13 711 15 234 17 419
Offences involving narcotics, total 28 298 25 212 26 838 25 618

1) Change in legislation

Parliamentary elections 2023

Party Votes % Change from 2019 Seats
% points 2023 2019
National Coalition Party 644 555 20,8 3,8 48 38
Finns Party 640 981 20,1 2,6 46 39
Finnish Social Democratic Party 617 552 19,9 2,2 43 40
Centre Party of Finland 349 640 11,3 -2,5 23 31
Green League 217 795 7,0 -4,5 13 20
Left Alliance 218 430 7,1 -1,1 11 16
Swedish People´s Party in Finland 133 518 4,3 -0,2 9 9
Christian Democrats in Finland 130 694 4,2 0,3 5 5
Movement Now 74 995 2,4 - 1 1
Other parties 72 274 2,3 - - -
Others 15 170 0,5 -2,4 1 1
Total 3 095 604 100 0,0 200 200
Female candidates 1 546 685 50,0   92 94

Voting turnout of Finnish citizens resident in Finland 72.0%, Finns resident abroad included 68.5%

Voting turnout in parliamentary elections, 1908–2023

Finnish citizens resident in Finland

Content available in Excel format

European Parliament elections 2024

Party Votes % Change from 2019 Number of Euro-MPs elected
% points
National Coalition Party 453 636 24,8 4,0 4
Left Alliance 316 859 17,3 10,4 3
Finnish Social Democratic Party 272 034 14,9 0,3 2
Centre Party of Finland 215 165 11,8 -1,7 2
Green League 206 332 11,3 -4,7 2
Finns Party 139 160 7,6 -6,2 1
Swedish People´s Party in Finland 112 245 6,1 -0,2 1
Christian Democrats in Finland  75 426 4,1 -0,8 -
Other parties 38 392 2,1 - -
Total 1 829 249 100 - 15
Females 1 072 191 58,6 2,0 9

Voter turnout in Finland 42.4%

Municipal elections 2025

Party Votes %
Finnish Social Democratic Party 557 769 23,1
National Coalition Party 529 542 21,9
Centre Party of Finland 396 630 16,4
Green League 254 173 10,5
Left Alliance 224 005 9,3
Finns Party 184 616 7,6
Swedish People´s Party in Finland 112 922 4,7
Christian Democrats in Finland 86 431 3,6
Movement Now 10 481 0,4
Other parties 14 485 0,6
Constituency associations 48 295 2,0
Total 2 419 349 100
Female candicates 1 201 802 49,7

Corrected on 30 May 2025. The corrections are indicated in red.

Voting turnout 54.3%

Presidential elections 2024

First round Votes %
Valid ballots 3 243 451 100
Alexander Stubb 882 388 27,2
Pekka Haavisto 836 712 25,8
Jussi Halla-aho 615 802 19,0
Olli Rehn 496 759 15,3
Li Andersson 158 579 4,9
Jutta Urpilainen 140 867 4,3
Sari Essayah 47 847 1,5
Mika Aaltola 47 467 1,5
Harry Harkimo 17 030 0,5
Invalid ballots 9 095 0,3

Voting turnout of Finnish citizens resident in Finland 75.0%, Finns resident abroad included 71.5%.

Second round Votes %
Valid ballots 3 052 078 100
Alexander Stubb 1 575 444 51,6
Pekka Haavisto 1 476 634 48,4
Invalid ballots 20 389 0,7

Voting turnout of Finnish citizens resident in Finland 70.7%, Finns resident abroad included 67.6%.

County elections 2025

Party Votes %
Finnish Social Democratic Party 444 404 22,5
National Coalition Party 403 704 20,5
Centre Party of Finland 381 288 19,3
Left Alliance 179 071 9,1
Green League 178 831 9,1
Finns Party 153 176 7,8
Swedish People´s Party in Finland 98 097 5,0
Christian Democrats in Finland 94 805 4,8
Movement Now 10 173 0,5
Other parties 17 228 0,9
Constituency associations 11 092 0,6
Total 1 971 869 100
Female candicates 1 104 210 56,0

Voting turnout 51,7%

Main topic: Population and society

 

More statistical figures in the StatFin database

Finland in Figures only includes the key figures on Finland and Finns. You can find more figures on various sectors of society in the easy-to-use StatFin database.

The database also provides regional data, such as the population of municipalities.

Last updated 18 Jun 2025