Work, wages and livelihood
Finland in Figures is an information package about Finland and Finns.
On this page
- Population aged 15 to 74 by activity
- Employment rate
- Employed persons aged 15 to 74 by industry
- Employees aged 15 to 74 by type of employment relationship
- Unemployed, aged 15 to 74 years of age
- Unemployment rate
- Index of wage and salary earnings, average annual changes
- Index of wage and salary earnings by employer sector
- Total earnings by employer sector
- Total earnings by level of education and age
- Total earnings by occupation
- Incomes and taxes by income bracket
- At-risk-of-poverty
- Financial assets of households
- Households' withdrawals of new housing loans
- Household consumption expenditure
- Commuting
Population aged 15 to 74 by activity
| 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Population aged 15 to 74, thousand | 4 133 | 4 123 | 4 120 | 4 131 |
| Labour force | 2 704 | 2 766 | 2 809 | 2 832 |
| Employed | 2 495 | 2 555 | 2 619 | 2 628 |
| Unemployed | 209 | 212 | 190 | 204 |
| Inactive population | 1 429 | 1 357 | 1 310 | 1 299 |
| Labour force rate, % | 65,4 | 67,1 | 68,2 | 68,5 |
| Unemployment rate, % | 7,7 | 7,7 | 6,8 | 7,2 |
| Males | 8,1 | 8,2 | 7,1 | 7,9 |
| Females | 7,4 | 7,1 | 6,4 | 6,5 |
| Employed by type of employment relationship, thousand | ||||
| Full-time work | 2 078 | 2 073 | 2 108 | 2 111 |
| Part-time work | 415 | 473 | 488 | 488 |
| Employed by employer sector, thousand | ||||
| Private sector 1) | 1 866 | 1 914 | 1 957 | 1 944 |
| Local government 2) | 476 | 475 | 483 | 499 |
| Central government 3) | 146 | 148 | 159 | 164 |
| Employed by status in employment, thousand | ||||
| Employees | 2 151 | 2 193 | 2 265 | 2 292 |
| Self-employed persons and unpaid family workers | 343 | 361 | 354 | 336 |
| Annual hours actually worked per employee, hours/year | ||||
| Total | 1 572 | 1 557 | 1 536 | 1 528 |
| Private sector 1) | 1 583 | 1 570 | 1 557 | 1 548 |
| Public sector 2) 3) | 1 546 | 1 526 | 1 479 | 1 473 |
1) The private sector comprises those whose employer is a company (including state majority-owned or municipality-owned companies), a private person, an enterprise, a foundation, a cooperative or an association, and those who are self-employed or own-account workers. Non-profit institutions, such as the church and parishes, are also included in the private sector.
2) Municipalities and joint municipal authorities comprise the municipal administration, the municipal school system, as well as the unincorporated service institutions and establishments of municipalities and joint municipal authorities, such as health centres, hospitals, day-care centres and unincorporated enterprises of municipalities and joint municipal authorities
3) The central government sector includes state administration, universities, the Social Insurance Institution, unincorporated state enterprises and social security funds
Source: Statistics Finland, labour force survey
Population aged 15 to 74 by activity (xlsx)
Updated: 30.1.2024
Employment rate
Employed persons aged 15 to 74 by industry
| Industry TOL 2008 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Thousand persons | ||||
| Agriculture, forestry and fishing; mining and quarrying | 100 | 107 | 102 |
96 |
| Manufacturing; electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning and water supply; sewerage and waste management | 357 | 351 | 366 | 375 |
| Construction | 194 | 189 | 184 | 182 |
| Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles | 272 | 291 | 290 | 282 |
| Transportation and storage | 139 | 135 | 136 | 134 |
| Accommodation and food service activities | 83 | 86 | 100 | 97 |
| Information and communication | 122 | 126 | 134 | 139 |
| Financial, insurance and real estate activities | 76 | 74 | 77 | 78 |
| Professional, scientific and technical activities; administrative and support service activities | 304 | 315 | 333 | 335 |
| Public administration and defence; compulsory social security | 111 | 117 | 122 | 125 |
| Education | 177 | 181 | 184 | 193 |
| Human health and social work activities | 402 | 410 | 415 | 419 |
| Arts, entertainment and recreation; other service activities | 150 | 157 | 156 | 152 |
| Industry unknown | 7 | 16 | 18 | 20 |
| Total | 2 495 | 2 555 | 2 619 | 2 628 |
Source: Statistics Finland, labour force survey
Employed persons aged 15 to 74 by industry (xlsx)
Updated: 30.1.2024
Employees aged 15 to 74 by type of employment relationship and gender
| Year | Employees | Permanent full-time work | Fixed-term work | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Males | Females | Males | Females | Males | Females | |
| Thousand persons | % of employees | |||||
| 2019 | 1 085 | 1 100 | 86,9 | 81,4 | 13,1 | 18,6 |
| 2020 | 1 069 | 1 082 | 87,5 | 82,5 | 12,5 | 17,5 |
| 2021 | 1 085 | 1 109 | 86,0 | 80,7 | 14,0 | 19,3 |
| 2022 | 1 114 | 1 151 | 85,2 | 80,4 | 14,8 | 19,6 |
| 2023 | 1 116 | 1 176 | 85,8 | 80,9 | 14,2 | 19,1 |
Source: Statistics Finland, labour force survey
Employees aged 15 to 74 by type of employment relationship and gender (xlsx)
Updated: 30.1.2024
Unemployed, aged 15 to 74 years of age
Source: Statistics Finland, labour force survey
Unemployed, aged 15 to 74 years of age (xlsx)
Updated: 30.1.2024
Unemployment rate
| Year | Total | Males | Females | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aged 15 to 74 | Aged 15 to 24 | |||
| % | % | % | % | |
| 2010 | 8,6 | 9,4 | 7,7 | 22,0 |
| 2011 | 8,0 | 8,7 | 7,2 | 20,3 |
| 2012 | 7,9 | 8,6 | 7,1 | 19,5 |
| 2013 | 8,3 | 9,1 | 7,5 | 20,6 |
| 2014 | 8,7 | 9,6 | 7,8 | 20,5 |
| 2015 | 9,4 | 10,2 | 8,6 | 22,5 |
| 2016 | 8,9 | 9,4 | 8,4 | 20,5 |
| 2017 | 8,7 | 9,1 | 8,3 | 20,0 |
| 2018 | 7,5 | 7,7 | 7,2 | 17,3 |
| 2019 | 6,8 | 7,3 | 6,2 | 17,7 |
| 2020 | 7,7 | 8,1 | 7,4 | 21,0 |
| 2021 | 7,7 | 8,2 | 7,1 | 17,1 |
| 2022 | 6,8 | 7,1 | 6,4 | 14,2 |
| 2023 | 7,2 | 7,9 | 6,5 | 16,2 |
Index of wage and salary earnings, average annual changes, 1975–2023
Source: Statistics Finland, index of wage and salary earnings
Index of wage and salary earnings, average annual changes (xlsx)
Updated: 17.12.2024
Index of wage and salary earnings by employer sector, 1965–2023
Source: Statistics Finland, index of wage and salary earnings
Index of wage and salary earnings by employer sector (xlsx)
Updated: 17.12.2024
Total earnings by employer sector, 2023
| Classification of Sectors 2023 | Median of total earnings, €/month | Full-time employees | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total | Men | Women | ||
| Non-financial corporations, financial and insurance corporations and non-profit institutions serving households | 3 622 | 3 906 | 3 259 | 948 047 |
| Budget economy of central government | 4 193 | 4 505 | 3 792 | 74 992 |
| Local government excl. wellbeing services county administration | 3 197 | 3 625 | 3 095 | 222 855 |
| Wellbeing services county administration | 3 370 | 3 717 | 3 322 | 177 195 |
| Total | 3 564 | 3 929 | 3 285 | 1 469 578 |
Source: Statistics Finland, structure of earnings
Total earnings by employer sector (xlsx)
Updated: 10.12.2024
Total earnings by level of education and age, 2023
Full-time employees
Source: Statistics Finland, structure of earnings
Total earnings by level of education and age (xlsx)
Updated: 10.12.2024
Total earnings by occupation, 2023
| Total earnings by occupation, 2023 | Median of total earnings, €/month | Full-time employees | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total | Men | Women | ||
| Managers | 7 274 | 7 876 | 6 317 | 56 956 |
| - Managing directors and chief executives | 11 615 | 12 000 | 10 730 | 2 622 |
| Professionals | 4 525 | 4 938 | 4 223 | 443 886 |
| - Medical doctors | 8 293 | 8 581 | 8 131 | 11 825 |
| - Primary school and early childhood teachers | 3 418 | 3 958 | 3 362 | 42 906 |
| Technicians and associate professionals | 3 596 | 4 066 | 3 329 | 332 318 |
| - Nursing and midwifery associate professionals | 3 419 | 3 728 | 3 388 | 55 457 |
| - Sales and purchasing agents and brokers | 4 313 | 4 633 | 3 989 | 43 942 |
| Clerical support workers | 2 996 | 3 129 | 2 954 | 86 491 |
| - Numerical clerks | 3 062 | 3 100 | 3 056 | 17 219 |
| Service and sales workers | 2 794 | 3 008 | 2 732 | 236 043 |
| - Shop salespersons | 2 789 | 3 056 | 2 679 | 47 369 |
| - Child care workers and teachers' aides | 2 492 | 2 443 | 2 496 | 38 819 |
| - Personal care workers in health services | 3 031 | 3 077 | 3 025 | 82 956 |
| Craft and related trades workers | 3 343 | 3 400 | 2 897 | 104 939 |
| Plant and machine operators, and assemblers | 3 298 | 3 396 | 2 941 | 103 159 |
| - Heavy truck and bus drivers | 3 310 | 3 332 | 3 160 | 27 087 |
| Domestic, hotel and office cleaners and helpers | 2 294 | 2 219 | 2 304 | 36 532 |
Source: Statistics Finland, structure of earnings
Total earnings by occupation (xlsx)
Updated: 10.12.2024
Incomes and taxes by income bracket, 2023
| Income bracket, € | Taxable earned income, number | % | Taxable earned income total, € | Earned income taxes total, € |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| –19 999 | 1 656 189 | 34,5 | 18 058 240 059 | 1 165 330 245 |
| 20 000–39 999 | 1 704 675 | 35,5 | 50 597 268 634 | 7 940 867 800 |
| 40 000–59 999 | 911 270 | 19,0 | 44 006 578 849 | 9 472 381 176 |
| 60 000–79 999 | 307 792 | 6,4 | 20 989 340 212 | 5 654 639 888 |
| 80 000–99 999 | 112 086 | 2,3 | 9 918 864 908 | 3 019 951 203 |
| 100 000–199 999 | 93 564 | 2,0 | 11 937 837 917 | 4 267 715 668 |
| 200 000– | 12 190 | 0,3 | 3 955 463 731 | 1 728 358 162 |
| Total | 4 797 766 | 100 | 159 463 594 310 | 33 249 244 142 |
At-risk-of-poverty
Persons at-risk-of-poverty are those whose household’s disposable monetary income per consumption unit is below 60% of the median income of all households
1) Long-term low-income earners are those who have belonged to low-income households in two years within the three previous years
Source: Statistics Finland, income distribution statistics
Updated: 17.12.2024
Financial assets of households
Source: Statistics Finland, financial accounts
Financial assets of households (xlsx)
Updated: 17.5.2024
Households' withdrawals of new housing loans
New housing loans withdrawn from Finnish financial institutions
Household consumption expenditure
| 1980 | 1990 | 2000 | 2010 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022* | 2023* | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| % | ||||||||
| Housing, water, electricity, gas and other fuels | 18,6 | 18,2 | 24,4 | 25,7 | 31,0 | 30,6 | 30,2 | 29,7 |
| Food and non-alcoholic beverages | 21,3 | 16,3 | 12,6 | 12,1 | 12,7 | 12,3 | 12,2 | 12,5 |
| Transport | 14,4 | 14,5 | 13,2 | 12,3 | 10,4 | 10,8 | 11,2 | 11,1 |
| Recreation and culture | 10,2 | 11,2 | 11,3 | 11,9 | 9,2 | 9,1 | 9,1 | 8,9 |
| Restaurants and hotels | 6,4 | 7,7 | 6,4 | 6,3 | 5,2 | 5,1 | 6,3 | 6,7 |
| Furnishings, household equipment and routine household maintenance | 6,1 | 5,4 | 4,8 | 5,3 | 4,8 | 4,9 | 4,7 | 4,3 |
| Alcoholic beverages, tobacco and narcotics | 6,3 | 6,6 | 5,8 | 5,1 | 5,2 | 4,9 | 4,4 | 4,2 |
| Health | 2,1 | 2,9 | 3,8 | 4,4 | 4,5 | 4,6 | 4,3 | 4,2 |
| Clothing and footwear | 6,1 | 5,6 | 4,6 | 4,8 | 3,5 | 3,8 | 3,8 | 3,7 |
| Communication | 1,1 | 1,4 | 3,1 | 2,5 | 2,6 | 2,5 | 2,4 | 2,4 |
| Education | 0,2 | 0,3 | 0,5 | 0,4 | 0,4 | 0,4 | 0,3 | 0,4 |
| Miscellaneous goods and services | 7,2 | 9,8 | 9,4 | 9,1 | 10,5 | 11,0 | 11,1 | 12,0 |
| Total | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
* preliminary data
Source: Statistics Finland, annual national accounts
Household consumption expenditure (xlsx)
Updated: 1.10.2024
Commuting
| Year | Commuters to the area | Persons working in their municipality of residence | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total | % | Total | % | |
| 1990 | 509 861 | 21,9 | 1 822 421 | 78,1 |
| 2000 | 610 938 | 27,4 | 1 617 619 | 72,6 |
| 2010 | 751 778 | 32,3 | 1 573 901 | 67,7 |
| 2020 | 801 967 | 35,1 | 1 482 706 | 64,9 |
| 2021 | 847 509 | 35,7 | 1 529 617 | 64,3 |
| 2022 | 865 537 | 35,7 | 1 558 011 | 64,3 |
| 2023 | 866 585 | 35,8 | 1 550 780 | 64,2 |
Regional division as on 1 January 2024
Main topic: Work, wages and livelihood
More statistical figures in the StatFin database
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Last updated 20 Dec 2024